May 15 – 17, 2026
College of Hakka Studies at NYCU, Zhubei, Hsinchu County 國立陽明交通大學客家學院(竹北六家校區)
Asia/Taipei timezone

Multi-wavelength Observations of a Long-term Monitored Hyperluminous X-ray Source: An AGN-like IMBH or a Low-mass SMBH

May 16, 2026, 2:00 PM
15m
International Conference Hall, College of Hakka Studies, NYCU 國立陽明交通大學客家文化學院國際會議廳

International Conference Hall, College of Hakka Studies, NYCU 國立陽明交通大學客家文化學院國際會議廳

Speaker

Yi-Chi Chang (Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan)

Description

Identifying intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) is crucial for understanding the co-evolution of galaxies and the seeds of supermassive black holes. We present a comprehensive multi-wavelength analysis of IC 1633 X-4 (2CXO J010952.3-455526), a hyperluminous X-ray source projected at the outskirts of the galaxy IC 1633 (z $\approx$ 0.024). By combining optical photometry from HST/WFPC2 with multi-epoch X-ray observations from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift/XRT, along with UV coverage from Swift/UVOT to GALEX, we constructed a detailed broadband spectral energy distribution (SED).
We studied the interaction between the accretion disk and the X-ray corona using an irradiated disk model that incorporates both Galactic and intrinsic reddening. Our SED fitting yields a bolometric luminosity of $L_{bol} \approx 3.54 \times 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and $\log(f_X/f_{opt}) = -0.25$. These results are remarkably consistent with the properties of standard active galactic nuclei (AGN), suggesting that the source operates in a similar accretion regime.
Most notably, the best-fit model reveals a low disk temperature of $kT_{bb} \approx 41$eV and an X-ray photon index of $\Gamma \approx 2$. Combined with the measured $L_{bol}$, it provides evidence for a black hole mass in the range of $10^4 - 10^6 M_\odot$, assuming sub-Eddington to near-Eddington accretion rates. Our findings indicate that IC 1633 X-4 is either a viable IMBH candidate, exhibiting AGN-like physics scaled down to the intermediate-mass regime, or a low-mass SMBH operating at a relatively low accretion rate.

Participate the oral/poster presentation award competition Yes

Authors

Yi-Chi Chang (Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan) Albert Kong

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