Speaker
Description
We have investigated the superconducting vortices in Pb monolayer and thin films on Si(111) by using
scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). In the monolayer case, zero-bias
conductance (ZBC) mapping indicates that each vortex carries a single magnetic flux quantum (Φ₀) and
arranges into a hexagonal lattice, consistent with Abrikosov’s prediction. The experimentally determined
upper critical field (Hc₂) agrees well with the value predicted by Ginzburg–Landau theory. In multilayer
Pb films, the measured vortex density deviates from theoretical expectations due to the limited lateral
dimensions and flux penetration at the island edges. Moreover, the zero-bias conductance intensity at
the vortex core in even-layer islands is stronger than that in odd-layer ones, suggesting a layer-
dependent modulation of the vortex electronic states.